Mild Vitamin B12 Deficiency Associated With Accelerated Cogn
Mild Vitamin B12 Deficiency Associated With Accelerated Cognitive Decline
轻度维生素B12的缺乏和认知水平下降的关系
Being mildly vitamin B12 deficient could be an indication that some older adults are at a greater risk of
accelerated cognitive decline, suggests an observational study from researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA
Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University.
Martha Savaria Morris, PhD, an epidemiologist in the Nutrition Epidemiology Program at the HNRCA, and
colleagues examined data from 549 men and women enrolled in a cohort of the Framingham Heart Study,
focusing on scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a short list of questions and tasks
commonly used to screen for dementia. The subjects were divided into five groups based on their vitamin
B12 blood levels.
Being in the two lowest groups was associated with significantly accelerated cognitive decline based on
an analysis of test scores from five MMSE tests given over a period of eight years. The average age at
baseline was 75.
“Men and women in the second-lowest group didn’t fare any better in terms of cognitive decline than
those with the worst vitamin B12 blood levels. Over time, their MMSE scores declined just as rapidly,
” Morris says. “Rapid neuropsychiatric decline is a well-known consequence of severe vitamin B12
deficiency, but our findings suggest that adverse cognitive effects of low vitamin B12 status may affect a
much larger proportion of seniors than previously thought.”
In the August 2012 issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Morris and colleagues wrote
that MMSE scores dropped, on average, 0.24 points per year vs. an average drop of 0.35 points annually
in the two groups with the lowest vitamin B12 blood levels. The authors observed an even steeper decline
of about 1 point per year in some people in the two lowest groups who also exhibited high blood levels of
folate or took supplements containing its synthetic form, folic acid, although their models indicate the
additional cognitive decline is potentially related to other health problems in this particular study population.
The subjects in this study were mostly Caucasian women who had earned at least a high school diploma.
The authors said future research might include more diverse populations and explore whether vitamin
B12 status impacts particular cognitive skills, as the MMSE results provide only a general picture of decline.
“While we emphasize our study doesn’t show causation, our associations raise the concern that some
cognitive decline may be the result of inadequate vitamin B12 in older adults, for whom maintaining
normal blood levels can be a challenge,” says Paul Jacques, DSc, the study’s senior author and director
of the Nutrition Epidemiology Program.
Animal proteins, such as lean meats, poultry, and eggs, are good sources of vitamin B12. Because older
adults may have a hard time absorbing vitamin B12 from food, the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
recommend that people over 50 incorporate B12-fortified foods or supplements into their diet.
— Source: Tufts University